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练习4.4.6:
设函数$f(x)$在$[a,b]$上有连续导数,$f(a)=f(b)=0$。试证:
$$\int_a^b|f(x)f'(x)|dx \le \frac{b-a}{4}\int_a^bf'^2(x)dx$$
并且
$$\frac{b-a}{4}$$
不能再小。
解:
设
$$F(x)=\int_a^x|f'(t)|dt, G(x)=\int_x^b|f'(t)|dt$$
则
$$当x \in \left[a,\frac{a+b}{2}\right], |f(x)|=\left|\int_a^x f'(t)dt \right| \le F(x)$$
$$当x \in \left[\frac{a+b}{2},b \right], |f(x)|=\left|\int_x^b f'(t)dt \right| \le G(x)$$
$$\begin{eqnarray*}
\int_a^b|f(x)f'(x)|dx&=&\int_a^{\frac{a+b}{2}}|f(x)f'(x)|dx+\int_{\frac{a+b}{2}}^b|f(x)f'(x)|dx\\
&\le&\int_a^{\frac{a+b}{2}}F(x)F'(x)dx+\int_{\frac{a+b}{2}}^bG(x)G'(x)dx\\
&=&\frac{1}{2}F^2\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)+\frac{1}{2}G^2\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)\\
&\le&\frac{1}{2}\int_a^{\frac{a+b}{2}}1^2dx\cdot\int_a^{\frac{a+b}{2}}f'^2(x)dx+\frac{1}{2}\int_{\frac{a+b}{2}}^b1^2dx\cdot\int_{\frac{a+b}{2}}^bf'^2(x)dx\\
&=&\frac{b-a}{4}\int_a^bf'^2(x)dx
\end{eqnarray*}$$
等号成立,当且仅当
$$f(x)=\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
c(x-a), x \in \left[a,\frac{a+b}{2}\right]\\
-c(x-b), x \in \left[\frac{a+b}{2},b \right]
\end{array} \right.(c \ne 0)$$
上述函数满足
$$f(a)=f(b)=0$$
若还要$f(x)$连续可微
$$f(x) \equiv 0$$
若不然,$f(x)$在
$$x=\frac{a+b}{2}$$
处不可微
即知
$$\frac{b-a}{4}$$
不能再小。 |
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