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习题二7:
求一个$n$次方程,使其根的$k$次方之和$s_k$满足
$$s_1=s_2=\cdots=s_{n-1}=0$$
解:
设所求方程为
$$x^n-\sigma_1x^{n-1}+\cdots+(-1)^n\sigma_n=0$$
但
$$\left\{ \begin{array}{l}
s_2=\sigma_1^2-2\sigma_2=0,\sigma_2=\frac{1}{2}\sigma_1^2\\
s_3=-\sigma_2s_1+3\sigma_3=0,\sigma_3=\frac{1}{3!}\sigma_1^3\\
\cdots\\
s_n=(-1)^{n-2}(s_1\sigma_{n-1}-n\sigma_n)=0,\sigma_n=\frac{1}{n!}\sigma_1^n
\end{array} \right.$$
故所求方程为
$$x^n-\sigma_1x^{n-1}+\frac{\sigma_1^2}{2!}x^{n-2}+\cdots+(-1)^n\frac{\sigma_1^n}{n!}=0$$
即
$$\sum\limits_{i=0}^n(-1)^i\frac{\sigma_1^i}{i!}x^{n-i}=0$$ |
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