|
定理(隐函数组定理) 若
(i)$F(x,y,u,v)$与$G(x,y,u,v)$在以点$P_0(x_0,y_0,u_0,v_0)$为内点的区域$V \in R^4$内连续;
(ii)$F(x_0,y_0,u_0,v_0)=0$,$G(x_0,y_0,u_0,v_0)=0$(初始条件);
(iii)在$V$内$F$,$G$具有一阶连续偏导数;
(iv)$J=\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (u,v)}$在点$P_0$不等于零,
则在点$P_0$的某一(四维空间)邻域$U(P_0) \subset V$,方程组
$$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} F(x,y,u,v)=0\\ G(x,y,u,v)=0 \end{array} \right.$$
惟一地确定了定义在点$Q_0(x_0,y_0)$的某一(二维空间)邻域$U(Q_0)$内的两个二元隐函数
$$u=f(x,y),v=g(x,y)。$$
使得
1、$u_0=f(x_0,y_0)$,$v_0=g(x_0,y_0)$且当$(x,y) \in U(Q_0)$时,
$$(x,y,f(x,y),g(x,y)) \in U(P_0),$$
$$F(x,y,f(x,y),g(x,y)) \equiv 0。$$
$$G(x,y,f(x,y),g(x,y)) \equiv 0;$$
2、$f(x,y)$,$g(x,y)$在$U(Q_0)$内连续;
3、$f(x,y)$,$g(x,y)$在$U(Q_0)$内有一阶连续偏导数,且
$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=-\frac{1}{J} \frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (x,v)},\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}=-\frac{1}{J} \frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (u,x)},$$
$$\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}=-\frac{1}{J} \frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (y,v)},\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}=-\frac{1}{J} \frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (u,y)}。$$
注意 在定理中,若将条件(iv)改为$\frac{\partial (F,G)}{\partial (y,v)}|_{P_0} \ne 0$,则方程
$$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} F(x,y,u,v)=0\\ G(x,y,u,v)=0 \end{array} \right.$$
所确定的隐函数组相应是$y=y(u,v)$,$v=v(u,x)$;其他情形均可类似推得。 |
|